BANCROFT 
LIBRARY 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 


P:| 
S  r 
A.,,,,..,,^ 


OF  UTAH 

Attractions 


Edward  PColbom 

& 


Issuedjjy 
nder  Depcirfmetxt 

ofihe 
Denver  and  Rio  Grande I^ailroad 


Saltair     Pavilion, 

Great   Salt   Lake. 


COPYRIGHTED,      IQIO,      BY 

S.      K.      HOOPER 

GENERAL     PASSENGER    AND    TICKET     AGENT 
DENVER.,     COLO. 


u.  c. 

ACADEMY    OF 
IkCIFIC  COAST 
HISTORY 


i^Tfaistl^j 


"Monument    to    Brigham  Young   and    the    Utah  Pioneers, 

Salt  Lake    City, 

Unveiled  July     24,     1897. 

C.    E.    Dallin,    Sculptor. 


Preface 


E/7ER  T  book — great  or  small — should  have  a  preface. 
It  is  the  reader's  right  to  be  told  in  advance  for  what 
purpose  the  book  was  written.,  and  what  he  may  expect  to 
find  along  the  paths  of  print  if  he  shall  follow  them  to  their  end. 

tfhis  book  was  written  to  give  wider  publicity  to  the  phenom- 
enal development  now  going  on  in  Utah;  to  tell  the  wonderful 
story  of  the  achievements  of  a  people  who,  in  little  more  than  half 
a  century,  wrought  out  of  a  wilderness  a  populous  and  productive 
state;  and  to  stimulate,  so  far  as  a  book  may,  inquiry  by  capitalists 
and  homeseekers  about  the  opportunities  awaiting  them  on  the  other 
side  of  the  range. 

As  the  title  suggests,  the  book  will  give  only  a  glimpse — a 
mere  outline — of  the  many  interesting  and  curious  things,  God- 
and  man-made,  to  be  seen  in  Utah,  tfo  attempt  more  would  be 
to  fill  volumes  and  then  leave  the  record  but  half  written. 

tfhe  reader  will  be  shown  among  the  print  many  scenes  of 
grandeur  and  beauty,  and  will  be  told  just  enough  about  the  min- 
ing, smelting,  manufacturing,  agricultural,  horticultural,  stock- 
growing  and  other  interests;  the  social  and  educational  advan- 
tages; the  scenic,  bathing  and  other  attractions,  the  climate,  and 
enough  about  the  enterprise  and  industry  of  the  people  who  live 
and  prosper  in  Utah,  to  give  him  a  good  general  idea  of  the  state, 
^fhere  will  be  a  little  about  the  Mormons,  just  now  somewhat 
misunderstood  and  misjudged,  and  something  about  the  Uintah 
Reservation  recently  opened  to  settlement,  and  about  the  little  rail- 
road that  runs  into  it. 


Here  and  there  will  be  found  a  few  figures — not  many — just 
a  few,  as  measurements,  and  for  the  information  of  those  who  en- 
joy such  things,  rfkere  will  not  be  an  intentional  untruth  nor  a 
wilful  exaggeration  among  them.  Indeed,  all  the  way  through, 
the  book  will  tell  the  truth,  as  the  truth  appears  to  be. 


Early    Days 
in    Utah. 


Oldest     House     in     Salt     Lake     City. 
Built     in     1847. 


The  Early  Settlement  of  Utah 


U 


Angel   Moroni,    Top   of   Temple, 
Salt    Lake    City. 


TAH'S  story  begins  on  the  very 
first  page  of  the  history  of  trans- 
Missouri  settlement. 

The  story  is  not  only  of  a  state 
upbuilded  in  a  desert  wilderness  by  a  re- 
markable plan  of  co-operative  effort,  but 
of  the  growth  of  a  peculiar  religion  in  lit- 
tle more  than  sixty  years,  irom  a  mere 
handful,  to  more  than  half  a  million 
followers. 

The  Mormons  founded  Utah  in  1847. 
On  July  24  of  that  year,  their  "First 
Company,  "  comprising  143  men,  3  women  and  2  children  under 
the  leadership  of  Brigham  Young,  entered  the  Salt  Lake  Valley 
and  settled  upon  the  site  of  Salt  Lake  City. 

The  journey  of  that  company  through  more  than  one  thou- 
sand miles  of  an  unexplored  wilderness  has  no  parallel  in  the  his- 
tory of  human  courage  and  fortitude. 

C£  Ordinarily,  the  marches  of  civilization  have  been  by  slow 
stages, — not  by  leaps  and  bounds.  The  outpost  of  far  western  set- 
tlement was  on  the  Missouri  river  in  1847.  In  just  109  days 
Brigham  Young,  by  a  bold  dash,  moved  it  over  and  beyond  the 
country  now  occupied  by  the  states  of  Nebraska,  Kansas,  Colorado 
and  Wyoming. 

The  prophet  Brigham  and  his  people  believed  that  the  Lord 
pointed  out  the  way  and  guided  the  heroic  little  company  through 
the  perils  and  savagery  of  desert,  mountains  and  plains.  This,  we 
do  not  know;  but  we  do  know  that  the  wonderful  journey  was  fin- 
ished without  an  assault  from  Indians  and  that  neither  death  nor 
serious  sickness  came  to  the  company. 

Q  Those  who  view  today  the  matchless  valley  of  the  Great  Salt 
Lake  and  see  what  husbandry  has  done,  can  have  no  conception 
of  the  scene  of  desolation  spread  around  the  pioneers  when  they 
unyoked  their  oxen  at  their  journey's  end.  Great  gray  ranges  of 


A 


GLIMPSE 


O     F 


UTAH 


page  eight 

mountains,  their  tops  here  and  there  among  the  clouds,  hemmed  in 
the  sage-grown,  alkalied  valley;  silence  and  solitude — the  dreads 
of  the  desert — were  everywhere,  and  over  against  the  western  hori- 
zon, sullenly  within  its  salt-bound  shores,  lay  that  freak  of  Na- 
ture—the "Dead  Sea  of  Utah." 

Is  it  any  wonder  that  the  little  company  huddled  close  about 
their  great  leader,  and  listened  with  upturned  and  appealing  faces 
while  he  fervently  called  upon  God  to  hold  them  longer  "In  the 
hollow  of  His  hand!  " 


Early 
Emigrant     Train. 


(FROM  AN  ORIGINAL  PHOTOGRAPH  MADE  IN  1868.) 


Cf  The  reasons  for  this  unparalleled  journey  were  these:  The 
"Saints" — so-called, — few  in  number  and  poor  in  purse,  had  lately 
fled  from  their  city,  Nauvoo,  in  Illinois.  This  flight  was  the 
result  of  a  long  standing  trouble  with  their  Gentile  neighbors, 
which  finally  ended  in  the  assassination  of  Joseph  Smith,  founder 
and  first  Prophet  of  Mormonism.  After  this  tragic  occurrence, 
the  Mormons,  feeling  that  the  East  was  closed  to  them  forever, 
set  their  faces  towards  the  West,  in  the  hope  that  somewhere  out 
in  the  distant  unexplored  country  beyond  the  Rocky  Mountains 
they  would  find  a  place  where  they  could  build  up  a  community  and 
be  free  from  interference  in  the  practice  of  their  religion.  To 


A 


GLIMPSE 


O     F 


u 


A  H 


page  nine 


search  for  this  place  and  to  found  such  a  settlement,  Brigham 
Young  and  his  company  made  the  memorable  journey  of  1847. 

After  the  arrival  of  the  first  company,  other  companies  were 
sent  out  in  rapid  succession,  and  within  five  years  more  than  five 
thousand  of  the  faith  were  living  in  and  around  Salt  Lake  City. 

But  Brigham's  dream  of  isolation  was  soon  dispelled  by  the 
discovery  of  gold  in  California.  What  followed  that  event 
every  school  boy  knows;  the  Pony  Express  and  Overland  Coach 
came  and  vanished;  the  mines  were  opened;  railroads  were  built 
across  the  continent;  the  circles  of  settlement  were  widened  to  the 
most  distant  valleys;  and  by  steady  steps  Utah  became  a  populous 
and  prosperous  state,  and  Salt  Lake,  the  unrivaled  city  of  the 
Inter-Mountain  Empire. 

Q  The  Utah  pioneers  are  passing  away.  Of  that  "First  Com- 
pany" but  three  remain.  History,  if  impartial,  will  judge  them 
fairly  and  will  write  their  names  in  such  shining  letters  upon  her 
pages  that  through  all  the  flights  of  time  youth  will  see  them  there 
and  be  inspired  to  greater  deeds. 

The  tasks  set  for  them  to  perform  were  new.  Theirs  was  not 
to  clear  away  the  forest  beneath  its  friendly  shade;  theirs  was  to 
toil  on  the  blistering  sands  under  the  scorching  desert  sun.  Theirs 
was  not  to  fell  near-by  trees  and  make  them  into  habitations;  theirs 
was  to  mould  and  sun-bake  the  clay  into  bricks  and  fashion  them 
into  shelters.  Theirs  was  not  to  plant  in  fertile  soil  and  await 
the  sure  rain  to  bring  on  the  harvest;  theirs  was  to  sow  in  the  sand, 
and  quicken  it  into  fertility  with  the  run-a-way  waters  of  mountain 
streams. 

They  gave  irrigation  to  us;  they  built  the  first  telegraph  line 

west  of  the  Rockies;  they  laid      f^sgmmmmmiiimHmfmmmmKmmmmHm^^ 
down    railroads ;    these    and 
many  other,  things  did  they  do 
to  help  make  an  empire. 

All  hail  to  them — the 
passed  and  the  passing  Utah 
pioneers ! 


:i- 

' 


The    Days    of    the    Overland    Stags, 


First    Methodist    Church. 


Presbyterian   Church. 


First    Congregational    Church. 


St.    Mary's    Cathedral. 
SOME  SALT  LAKE  CITY  CHURCHES. 


1 


Brigham  Young 
and  his  Followers 
in  Southern  Uta 
The  Prophet,  we; 
a  tall  white  hat 
seated  left  of  thi 
center.  This  pi 
was  taken  during 
one  of  President 
Young's  annual 
pilgrimages  throu 
the  Territory. 


(FROM   AN   ORIGINAL   PHOTOGRAPH) 


Atout  the  Mormons  and  Gentiles 

IT  should  be  taken  for  granted  that  the  people  of  Utah,  whose 
achievements  along  every  line  of  endeavor  have  been  so  mag- 
nificent, need  no  certificate  of  character,  and  indeed  they  do 

not.  But  Mormonism  has  not  been  acceptable  to  the  world  at 
large,  and  because  of  its  unpopularity  much  misinformation  is 
extant  about  the  faith  and  its  followers.  There  have  been  conflicts 
between  religionists  throughout  all  of  the  history  of  creeds,  and  the 
writer  has  no  intention  of  attempting  to  reconcile  the  difference 
between  the  belief  of  those  who  follow  the  teachings  of  Joseph 
Smith  and  of  those  whose  trust  is  in  other  plans  of  salvation. 

But  to  this  he  can  and  does  cheerfully  testify:  That  the 
people  of  Utah  of  every  creed  will 
compare  favorably  in  intelligence, 
honesty,  industry,  hospitality  and 
business  ability  with  the  people  of  any 
part  of  the  Union.  They  are  not  by 
any  means  all  of  the  Mormon  faith, 
but  they  are  all  proud  of  Utah  and 
labor  industriously  to  develop  hei 
resources;  they  commingle  in  business 
and  socially;  they  have  a  welcome  for 
the  stranger,  and  are  all  united  in  anx- 
ious endeavor  to  realize  for  Utah  the 
high  destiny  which  they  fervently  be- 
lieve awaits  her. 


St.    Mark's    Cathedral. 


A          GLIMPSE          OF          U     T     A     H 

page  twelve 

G,  There  is  hardly  a  church  in  Christendom  that  can  not  be  found 
prospering  in  Utah.  In  music,  in  art  and  in  the  drama,  Utah  has 
produced  celebrities  of  world  wide  recognition.  The  schools,  pub- 
lic and  private,  are  housed  in  fine  buildings  and  taught  by  the  best 
teachers  that  money  will  employ. 

That  there  are  local  questions,  political  and  otherwise,  upon 
which  all  are  not  agreed,  goes  without  saying;  but  in  that  respect 
Utah  does  not  differ  from  her  sister  states.  To  these  brief  state- 
ments nothing  need  be  added,  except  the  assurance  that  there  is 
no  reason,  political,  social  or  religious,  why  Utah  may  not  furnish 
a  happy  abiding  place  for  all  who  come  within  her  borders. 


Assembly     Hall. 


Tabernacle. 
Temple     Square,      Salt      Lake     City. 


Temple. 


B 


Some  Natural  \Vonders 

YRON  wrote  of  Portugal,  a  half  century  ago: 

"Oh  Christ!      It  is  a  goodly  sight  to  see 
What  Heaven  hath  done  for  this  delicious  land." 


But  Byron  had  little  to  inspire  his  pen  compared 
with  what  Utah  can  furnish  to  one  who  would  write 
of  her  marvels.  No  land  under  the  sun  contains  so  many 
illustrations  of  creative  eccentricity.  If  Nature  had  intended  the 
state  to  be  her  "Old  Curiosity  Shop,"  she  could  not  have  tossed 
into  her  work  more  odds  and  ends  of  rare  substances,  unusual 
formations  and  strange  topographical  features. 

Where  else  in  all  the  earth  is  there  a  gash  such  as  the  one 
through  which  roars  and  tumbles  the  Colorado*? 

Is  there  anything  anywhere  to  compare  with  Utah's  Dead  Sea, 
or  its  sister-sea  of  solid  salt1? 

And  the  natural  bridges  in  the  wilderness  of  the  San  Juan — 
one  with  a  span  three  hundred  and  thirty  feet  long  of  solid  sand- 
stone two  hundred  and  twenty-two  feet  high,  and  wide  enough  to 
carry  over  the  frightful  chasm  beneath  the  mighty  arch,  the  march- 
ing armies  of  all  Europe.  It  would  take  a  hundred  "Natural 
Bridges"  like  the  one  in  Virginia  told  of  in  McGuffy's  old  "Third 
Reader,"  to  make  one  like  this.  Where  else  can  their  like  be  found*? 

And  then  the  great  fields  of  rare  hydro-carbons;  the  beds  of 
sulphur;  the  mountains  of  crystal  salt;  the  hot  springs  that  flow 
from  the  tops  of  columns  that  stand  like  monuments  upon  the 
plain,  and  that  strangest  of  all  things  in  mineralogy,  the  buried  and 
petrified  silver-chloride  forest  at  Leeds — where  can  such  curios  be 
seen,  except  in  Utah*? 

Q  In  a  passing  glance,  mere  mention  is  all  that  can  be  given  of 
these  queer  features;  but  the  Great  Salt  Lake,  Utah's  most  inter- 
esting natural  phenomenon,  is  so  widely  associated  with  her  name 
that  a  brief  description  of  it  here  is  justified. 

Cardenas,  the  Spanish  rover,  probably  visited  it  during  the 
Sixteenth  Century  when  he  was  searching  for  the  fabled  "Seven 
Golden  Cities  of  Quiviri,"  and  Father  Escalante  heard  of  it  from 


Archway  of  the 
"Caroline"  Nat- 
ural Bridge,  San 
Juan  County, 
Utah. 

Height 205     ft. 

Thickness     at     top 

of  arch. .  107   ft. 
Width     of    top    of 

arch 49   ft 

Width     of     snan 

186    ft. 

Height   of   span, 

98   ft. 


The  "Edwin"  Nat- 
ural Bridge,  San 
Juan  Co.,  Utah. 

Height 104    ft. 

Thickness    at     top 

ot    arch..  10    ft. 
Width    of    top    of 

arch 35   ft. 

Width     of     span 

194  ft. 

Height    of    span 

...88     ft. 


View  from  lower 
side  of  the  Great 
"Augusta"  Nat- 
ural Bridge,  across 
White  Canon,  San 
Juan  Co.,  Utah. 
Height.  ..  .222  ft. 
Thickness  at  top 

of  arch.  .  .65    ft. 
Width    of    top    of 

arch 28   ft. 

Width     of    span 

261     f:. 

Height    of    span 

157  ft. 


UTAH'S    NATURAL    BRIDGES 


A 


GLIMPSE 


OF          U     <f    A     H 

page  fifteen 

the  Indians  in  1776;  but  the  credit  for  its  discovery  is  generally 
given  to  Jim  Bridger,  who  first  saw  it  from  the  mouth  of  Bear 
River,  in  1824. 

The  lake  is  about  seven  times  larger  than  the  "Dead  Sea"  of 
Palestine,  and  carries  about  the  same  per  cent  of  salt.  This  per 
cent  is  from  19  to  22,  according  to  the  season  of  the  year,  and 
calculations  fix  the  total  of  the  salt  in  the  lake  at  four  hundred 
million  tons.  The  waters  are  sluggish  and  green-hued.  They  are 
very  buoyant,  and  so  clear  that  the  eye  can  pentrate  them  to  great 
depths.  Gulls  innumerable,  whose  breeding  place  is  one  of  the 
eight  islands  in  the  lake,  frequent  the  waters,  in  which  nothing 
lives  except  a  small  shrimp. 

Old  timers  have  observed  that  this  strange  body  of  water  rises 
and  falls  in  cycles  of  approximately  seven  years,  attaining  in  mod- 
ern times  about  the  same  maximum  and  minimum  depths.  At 
present  it  is  rising,  and  has  been  doing  so  for  more  than  two  years. 


Exterior    View. 


Utah    Hot    Pots,    Wasatch    County. 


Interior    View. 


A          GLIMPSE          OF          U     T    A    H 

page  sixteen 

(J  One  of  the  largest  bathing  pavilions  in  the  world — Saltair— 
easily  accessible  to  all  trans-continental  travelers,  is  eleven  miles 
distant  from  Salt  Lake  City.  A  bath  in  the  lake  is  an  experience 
never  to  be  forgotten.  The  bather  has  beneath  his  feet  sand  as 
soft  as  velvet,  and  may  float  upon  the  surface  of  the  waves 
without  the  slightest  effort;  indeed,  he  could  not  sink  if  he  should 
try. 

All  of  these  rare  things  in  Utah  are  attractions,  and  as  such  are 
offered  to  those  of  our  countrymen  who  find  pleasure  in  the  study 
of  the  curious  in  nature. 

C£  A  word  about  the  scenery  to  close  the  chapter.  Utah's  scenes 
are  all  her  own.  They  were  set  by  the  Master,  seemingly  to  inspire 
with  their  beauty  rather  than  to  awe  with  their  grandeur.  There 
is  a  touch  of  Switzerland  in  the  rapidly  rising,  pointed  peaks  of  the 
Wasatch,  and  a  glimpse  of  Italy  in  the  fragrant,  fertile  valleys 
at  their  feet.  And  the  blue  of  the  skies — and  the  tints  of  the  sun- 
sets— these  are  indescribable.  Moran  and  other  great  painters  have 
recorded  the  colors  from  the  palette  of  the  sun  when  at  nightfall 
he  sinks  behind  the  great  Salt  Lake,  and  have  declared  the  spectacle 
to  be  one  of  the  most  beautiful  ever  presented  to  mortal  eyes.  The 
richest  and  softest  and  altogether  most  satisfying  of  the  scenery  is 
along  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande,  which  enters  through  the  stately 
portals  of  Castle  Gate  and,  following  the  gorges,  climbs  over  the 
Wasatch  and  drops  down  into  the  tranquil  mountain-bound  Utah 
Valley,  the  like  of  which,  for  pastoral  beauty,  no  other  land  affords. 
C£  After  the  tremendous  presentations  of  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
the  Utah  Valley,  with  its  Alpine  setting,  is  most  inviting.  It  is 
a  fitting  finale  to  the  grand  panorama  through  which  the  traveler 
has  long  journeyed.  After  Utah  Valley  he  will  see  the  Great 
Salt  Lake,  and  after  that  the  deserts  of  Nevada  await  him,  over 
the  lonely  wastes  of  which  he  will  carry  a  restful  feeling,  inspired 
by  the  pleasant  scenes  he  has  last  visited. 


Main    Street, 
Salt    Lake     City. 


About  Some  of  Utah's  Cities  and  Towns 

SALT  LAKE  CITY  is  known  around  the  world.  Histori- 
cally, it  is  a  place  of  great  interest,  not  only  because  it  has 
witnessed  the  vigorous  growth  of  one  of  the  most  peculiar 
religions  known,  from  a  mere  handful  of  adherents  sixty 
years  ago  to  more  than  half  a  million  believers;  but  because  it 
was  nursed  into  life  in  the  wilderness  of  the  far  west,  a  thousand 
miles  beyond  the  then  farthest  outpost  of  civilization.  It  was 
intended  by  its  founders  to  be  a  community  and  not  a  city,  and  was 
laid  out  with  broad  streets,  and  in  blocks  large  enough  for  farms. 
But  what  was  proposed  was  not  realized — irresistibly  a  city  grew 
upon  the  community  site — a  city 
as  beautiful  and  prosperous  as  any  in 
our  land.  Its  situation,  not  far  distant 
from  the  shores  of  Great  Salt  Lake,  in 
an  elbow  of  the  mountains,  with  great 
peaks  towering  over  it  on  the  north  and 
east,  and  a  valley,  rioting  in  foliage  and 
plenty,  stretching  away  for  many  miles 
to  the  south  and  west,  is  the  most  per- 
fect a  city  ever  had. 


Salt     Lake's     New     Skyscraper    District. 


A 


GLIMPSE 


0     F 


U     T    A     H 


page  eighteen 

As  a  business  place  there  is  nothing  to  compare  with  it  in  any 
direction  for  six  hundred  miles.  It  is  the  beating  business  heart 
of  an  empire;  a  great  railroad  center,  with  that  greatness  but  half 
achieved;  the  largest  smelting  center  by  far  in  the  world,  and  the 
middle  of  a  productive  and  rapidly  developing  area  that  takes  in 
the  best  part  of  the  mining  lands  of  the  United  States. 


City    and    County    Building,    Salt    Lake    City. 

C£  Whatever  other  cities  have,  Salt  Lake  has  in  some  degree,  and 
Salt  Lake  has  many  things  possessed  by  no  other  place  in  the  world. 
The  Great  Salt  Lake,  with  its  marvelous  bathing,  is  one  of 
these,  and  the  famous  Temple  of  the  Mormons — forty  years  in 
building — is  another.  This  structure  and  the  queer  round-roofed 
Tabernacle  by  its  side,  are  far  famed  attractions.  Then  there  are 
the  broad,  brook-lined  streets  with  their  trimmings  of  trees,  the 
palatial  homes  of  Utah's  many  millionaires,  and  the  quaint  old 

"dobies"  and  other  styles  of 
architecture  that  still  remain  to 
remind  us  of  the  times  when  the 
wastes  of  desert  were  still  to  be 
redeemed,  and  when  to  live  in 
Salt  Lake  was  to  toil  and  suf- 
fer and  almost  starve.  These 
are  among  the  sights  that  make 
Salt  Lake  City  the  most  unique 


New    Federal    Building,     Salt    Lake    City. 


Beehive   and    Lion    House,    Two    Former    Homes    of    Brigham    Young. 


Black    Rock,     Great    Salt    Lake. 


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page  twenty-one 

and  interesting  place  to  visit  in  all  the  West.  There  are  many 
millions  being  spent  in  and  around  Salt  Lake  at  this  writing,  and 
the  city,  already  with  a  population  of  1 10,000,  is  expanding  at  the 
rate  of  10,000  per  annum. 

It  will  grow  amazingly  during  the  next  few  years;  but  it 
will  not  outgrow  its  beauty  nor  ever  cease  to  be  an  inviting  spot  to 
those  who  range  for  pleasure  or  business,  between  the  two  oceans. 

C£  OGDEN,  thirty-seven  miles  north  of  Salt  Lake,  where  the 
beautiful  Weber  River  ends  its  fretting  and  foaming  among  the 
rocky  gorges  of  the  Wasatch,  and  spreads  out  to  lazily  flow  through 
the  valley — Ogden,  at  the  mouth  of  one  of  the  most  picturesque 
canons  in  all  the  mountain  country,  is  the  second  city  of  Utah. 

It  has  railroads  reaching  almost  everywhere  worth  reaching, 
a  power  plant  that  cost  $1,600,000,  a  great  sugar  factory,  manu- 
facturing and  business  houses  of  importance  and  all  of  the  other 
things  usually  found  in  a  city. 

Ogden  has  a  world  all  its  own,  and  dominates  it  with  an 
energy  that  stops  at  no  effort  and  "acknowledges  no  criterion  but 
success."  The  city  is  to  be  one  of  the  most  important  in  the 
inter-mountain  region,  and  is  well  worth  investigating  as  a  place 
for  investment. 

There  are  others  —  Provo,  Logan, 
Brigham  City,  Springyille,  lying  among 
the  farms  and  orchards — and  Park  City, 
Bingham,  Eureka,  Stockton, 
Marysville,  perched  high 
among  the  mines. 

Provo  and  Springville,  typi- 
cal agricultural  towns — al- 
most cities,  in  fact,  for  they 
have  municipal  improvements 
of  the  highest  order, — are  im- 
portant points  upon  the  Den- 
ver &  Rio  Grande  and  thrive 
amazingly  upon  the  trade  of 
the  productive  Utah  Valley. 
Provo  has  nearly  8,000  popu- 
lation, and  Springville  is  a 
close  second.  Around  these 


Packard     Library,     Salt     Lake     City. 


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little  cities  is  perhaps  better  exemplified  than  anywhere  else  in  the 
state,  the  perfection  of  Utah  agriculture.  They  are  at  the  very 
center  of  the  granary  of  the  state  and  in  the  midst  of  a  population 
enjoying  the  highest  degree  of  prosperity. 

C£  Of  the  mining  camps,  Bingham,  Park  City  and  Eureka,  on 
the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande,  have  a  place  in  the  history  of  mining, 
earned  by  two  generations  of  production.  Upon  their  past  achieve- 
ments and  present  activity  Utah  may  well  rest  her  fame  as  a  min- 
ing state.  Of  the  five  hundred  million  dollars  or  more  of  state 
metal  production,  these  three  camps  are  entitled  to  a  credit  of  at 
least  three  hundred  million  dollars.  To  visit  them  is  to  find  bustle 
in  business  and  to  see  tramways  high  in  air  carrying  processions 
of  ore-laden  buckets  to  mammoth  mills.  Such  a  visit  will  well 
repay  the  sightseer.  It  will  give  him  a  comprehension  of  mining 
and  its  importance  which  he  can  never  get  by  reading.  The  Denver 
&  Rio  Grande  makes  these  centers  of  the  mining  industry  easily  a 
feature  of  the  western  tour,  and  more  and  more,  every  year,  are  the 
camps  visited  by  trans-continental  travelers.  Underground,  on  hun- 
dreds of  miles  of  electric-lighted  highways,  the  busy  miners  toil 
among  the  treasures,  well  paid  and  content;  and  on  the  surface, 
trade  and  traffic  go  on  and  prosperity  prevails. 


Within     Temple     Square,     Salt    Lake    City. 


Agriculture 


UTAH  is  a  mountainous  region;  but  the  ranges  are  broken 
and  are  threaded  by  broad  fertile  valleys.  These  val- 
leys measure  the  greatest  depths  of  "Lake  Bonneville," 
the  ancient  sea  that  swept  over  most  of  Utah,  and  of 
which  the  Great  Salt  Lake  is  the  remainder.  Extending  through 
the  state  in  a  chain  from  north  to  south,  the  principal  valleys, 
with  the  low  mesas  and  smaller  lateral  valleys,  comprise  the  pro- 
ductive area  of  Utah.  To  the  limit  of  the  water  supply,  the  science 
of  agriculture  by  irrigation  has  been  carried  in  these  valleys  to 
the  highest  stage  of  perfection.  They  rival  in  productiveness  the 
famed  fields  of  Spain  and  the  Nile.  Agriculture  and  its  attendant 
occupations  rank  second  to  mining  among  Utah's  resources.  As 
at  present  developed,  it  is  an  important  factor  in  the  prosperity  of 
the  state,  and,  besides  furnishing  occupation  for  a  large  number  of 
people,  supplies  a  considerable  part  of  the  food  products  consumed 
at  home.  Great  increase  in  the  productive  area  will  be  made  when 
the  large  bodies  of  unreclaimed  lands  are  given  to  water  by  reser- 
voir and  other  projects  now  being  constructed  by  private  capital 
and  by  the  Government  under  the  provisions  of  the  National  Irriga- 
tion Law. 

The  principal  farm  products  are  wheat,  rye,  oats,  barley, 
alfalfa,  timothy,  potatoes,  sugar  beets,  and  the  usual  garden  vege- 
tables. Some  corn  is  grown,  but  the  total  is  inconsiderable. 

The  varying  altitudes  of  the  state  make  it  possible  to  suit  the 
various  crops  to  the  most  favorable  climatic  conditions.  In  the 
Cache  Valley,  on  the  extreme  north,  where  the  elevation  is  about 
5,000  feet,  the  hardier  grains  and  fruits  are  raised;  on  the  extreme 
south,  in  "Utah's  Dixie,"  near  St.  George,  and  along  the  Rio  Vir- 
gin, where  the  climate  is  semi-tropical,  cotton  is  extensively  grown; 
and  almonds,  figs,  pomegranates  and  most  delicious  wine-grapes 
are  raised.  Between  these  two  extremes,  in  the  valleys  of  Weber, 
Salt  Lake,  Utah,  San  Pete,  Sevier  and  others  of  lesser  size,  all  of 
the  crops  common  to  the  temperate  zone  are  grown. 
Cf  A  new  oasis  is  springing  up  on  the  line  of  the  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande  at  Green  River.  There,  the  water  supply  is  abundant,  and 


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there,  within  three  years,  will  be  a  fruit-growing  section  as  re- 
markable as  the  one  around  Grand  Junction.  The  climatic  and  soil 
conditions  are  exceedingly  fine  for  this  industry  and  the  irrigation 
canals  constructed  and  new  ones  now  under  way  insure  the  future 
greatness  of  this  district.  It  is  an  interesting  fact  that  from  Green 
River  to  Moab  there  is  one  hundred  and  eighty  miles  of  scenery 
which  is  unrivalled  except  by  that  of  the  Grand  Canon  at  its  most 
majestic  part.  This  includes  the  ancient  homes  of  the  Cliff- 
Dwellers  and  at  times  perpendicular  walls  that  rise  from  one  to 
three  thousand  feet.  Moab  has  long  been  famed  for  the  perfection 
of  its  fruits,  which  find  a  ready  market  in  the  mining  camps  of 
Western  Colorado  and  elsewhere. 

Green  River  is  a  navigable  stream  and  numerous  small  crafts 
make  use  of  the  waters.  In  good  time  larger  boats  will  no  doubt  go 
into  service  to  handle  the  fruit  and  other  shipments  which  increased 
settlement  will  supply.  Then  there  will  be  no  more  pleasant  trip 
than  down  this  picturesque  and  interesting  river. 


Sunset    on    Green     River,     Utah. 

The    Green     River    is    the    largest    navigable    stream  in  the  Rocky  Mountain  region,  and 
affords   abundant    water    for    irrigating    an    extensive    agricultural    district. 


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C£  Measured  by  financial  returns  to  the  farmer  and  to  the  manufac- 
turer's employees,  the  sugar  beet  is  the  leading  soil  product  of 
Utah.  The  growing  of  this  began  some  years  ago  in  the  Utah 
Valley  at  a  time  when  the  Mormon  Church  undertook  in  a  small 
way  to  make  beet  sugar.  So  exceptionally  good  was  the  quality 
and  quantity  of  the  yield,  that  the  original  mill  soon  took  on  mam- 


moth proportions  and  the  sugar  industry  grew  until  now  there  are 
four  mammoth  plants  in  Utah,  which  has  become  one  of  the  fore- 
most of  the  sugar-making  states. 

These  plants  produced  99,500,000  pounds  in  1909,  valued  at 
$4,477,500.  The  beet  growers  number  for  that  year,  4,284,  and 
their  gross  receipts  for  beets  were  $2,033,000.  To  the  sugar  beet 
returns  add  the  returns  for  grain,  potatoes  and  hay,  for  live  stocs;. 
slaughtered  and  sold,  for  wool,  poultry  and  eggs,  honey  and  wax. 


The    Beautiful 
Utah    Valley. 


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UTAH 


page  twenty-six 

from  the  dairy,  orchards  and  vineyards,  and  Utah's  farm  output 
for  1909  may  easily  be  estimated  at  $40,000,000. 

In  round  numbers  there  are  about  22,000  farms  in  Utah  and 
approximately  100,000  people  are  engaged  in  farming  and  kindred 
callings. 

Q  The  Mormons  are  natural-born  farmers  and  do  practically  all 
of  the  farming.  Their  like  for  intelligence,  thrift  and  industry 
would  be  hard  to  find.  In  at  least  two  respects  the  Utah  farmer 
stands  alone;  he  has  solved  without  turmoil  or  litigation  the  prob- 
lem of  the  impartial  distribution  of  irrigation  waters,  and  he  has 
exemplified  the  value  to  the  community  of  the  small  farm  thor- 
oughly cultivated,  over  large  holdings  but  half  tilled.  One  of  the 
wise  teachings  of  Brigham  Young  was,  that  a  man  should  not  own 
more  land  than  he  can  thoroughly  cultivate,  and  so,  from  the  very 
beginning,  the  Mormon  land  holdings  have  been  small.  Forty 
acres  is  called  a  large  farm  in  Utah,  and  there  are  hundreds  of  the 
five  and  ten-acre  size.  One  of  the  results  of  this  system  is  seen  in 
the  populous  character  of  the  Utah  valleys;  another,  in  the  almost 
total  lack  of  unemployed  land.  To  pass  through  one  of  these  val- 


Gathering    Sugar    Beets    near    Lehi. 


A          GLIMPSE          OF          U     <?     A     H 

page  twenty-seven 

leys,  is  to  constantly  feel  that  you  are  in  a  straggling  town — so 
close  are  the  homes  together.  Contrast  this  with  the  situation  in 
states  like  Kansas  for  instance,  where  the  farms  average  160  acres. 

If  we  may  count  five  to  a  family,  a  section  of  land  in  Kansas 
would  have  but  twenty  inhabitants.  In  Utah,  under  the  five-acre 
farm  system,  if  we  allow  the  same  number  to  a  family,  a  section 
would  have  640  inhabitants;  under  the  ten-acre  farm  system,  a 
section  would  have  320, 
and  counting  the  farms 
at  40  acres,  a  section 
would  have  80  inhabi- 
tants. 

It  almost  passes  be- 
lief that  a  tract  of  but 
five  acres  can  be  made  to 
support  a  family,  and  yet 
in  Utah  it  does  do  that  in 
hundreds  of  cases,  and, 
more  than  that,  provides  a 
surplus  to  be  laid  by  for 
good  farm  stock,  a  piano 
for  the  girls,  a  few  shares 
of  sugar  or  co-operative 
stocks  and  a  little  account 
in  the  savings  bank,  as 
against  "a  rainy  day." 
Q  The  agricultural  valleys  of  Utah  are  among  the  show  sights  of 
the  state.  All  the  people  take  pride  in  them,  and  few  are  the  trav- 
elers who  do  not  rank  them  among  the  most  fertile  and  beauti- 
ful anywhere  to  be  found.  Viewed  from  near-by  mountain-sides, 
the  little  farms  are  seen  lying  side  by  side  with  almost  the  regular- 
ity of  the  squares  of  a  chessboard.  Sometimes  they  are  defined  by 
rows  of  Lombardy  poplars — sometimes  by  hedges.  The  houses, 
unpretentious,  but  home-like,  are  trimmed  about  with  beds  of  flow- 
ers, and  the  Virginia  creeper,  ivy  and  other  climbing  vines,  grow 


The   Great   Organ   Rock. 
(Four    hundred    feet   in    height.) 


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page  twenty-eight 

up  their  sides.  Cleanliness  and  system  mark  every  holding,  and, 
throughout,  the  scene  is  threaded  with  the  green  banks  of  canals 
and  laterals. 

This  beauty  of  scene  is  present  in  the  Cache,  Weber  and  Salt 
Lake  valleys;  but  it  attains  its  highest  perfection  and  harmony 
in  Utah  Valley,  through  which  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  passes 
on  the  way  to  Salt  Lake. 

Here,  the  west-bound  traveler  is  treated  to  a  scenic  surprise.  The 
train  descending  from  the  heights  of  the  Wasatch,  emerges  suddenly 
from  the  mouth  of  the  last  rocky  gorge  upon  an  exquisite  scene. 
Generally,  this  is  during  the  morning  hours,  when  the  air  is  clear 
and  man  and  beast  are  going  to  the  fields.  On  every  hand  and 
reaching  well  up  the  high  mesas  that  fringe  the  valley,  are  squares 
of  green  and  gold  sprinkled  with  homes.  And  in  the  center,  shim- 
mering in  the  sun,  lies  Utah  Lake.  There  may  be  sights  more  sooth- 
ing and  restful,  lovelier  and  more  peaceful  than  this,  but  if  there  be, 
this  writer  has  not  seen  them.  Travelers  who  have  looked  upon  the 
Valley  of  the  Mohawk,  the  vale  of  Chamouni  and  other  famed  pas- 
toral scenes,  say  that  Utah  Valley  shames  them  all.  Frame  this 
valley  with  the  treeless,  canon-seamed  mountains  that  rise  abruptly 
from  the  plain  twelve  thousand  feet  high,  and  you  have  a  picture  as 
splendid  as  any  that  God  has  hung  upon  the  walls  of  the  world. 


Panoramic  View 


Fruit  Growing 


THE  growing  of  fruit  in  Utah  began  with  pioneer  days,  and 
thirty  years  ago  the  Salt  Lake  peach  was  famous;  but  the 
production  was  for  home  consumption  only,  and  after  the 
early  orchards  were  worn  out  by  age  and  the  ravages  of 
insects,  the  industry  fell  into  neglect.  The  first  step  to  recover  lost 
ground  was  taken  some  ten  years  ago  when  a  compulsory  spraying 
law  was  enacted.  The  real  awakening,  however,  did  not  come  until 
Utah  suffered  state-wide  humiliation  over  her  defeat  by  Idaho  in 
the  fruit  contest  held  by  the  National  Irrigation  Congress  at  Ogden 
about  five  years  ago.  Then  the  people  became  conscious  of  their 
wasted  opportunities  and  went  to  work  to  make  fruit  growing  a 
profitable  industry.  The  State  Horticultural  Society  was  formed 
and  tree  planting  became  almost  a  craze.  Result :  Utah  took  prac- 
tically all  the  prizes  and  sweep-stakes  for  the  size  and  flavor  of  her 
fruit  at  the  Irrigation  Congress  contests  since  held  at  Sacramento 
and  Albuquerque,  and  the  Salt  Lake  Commercial  Club  now  has  on 
exhibition,  silver  trophies  then  awarded,  valued  at  more  than 
$5,000.  Orchardists  are  seeking  locations  all  over  the  state,  and  the 
great  plateaus  lying  along  the  Green,  Grand,  and  San  Rafael 
Rivers  are  now  the  scenes  of  a  scramble  for  land  and  water  by  com- 
panies and  individuals  who  are  convinced  by  the  phenomenal  horti- 


ie  City  of  Ogden. 


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cultural  successes  at  Green  River,  that  the  whole  eastern  portion  of 
Utah  has  the  climate  and  soil  to  make  it,  under  water,  one  of  the 
greatest  fruit-producing  sections  of  the  world. 

This  territory — always  until  now  considered  an  unreclaimable 
waste — is  all  tributary  to  the  Rio  Grande  System.  The  waters  of 
its  deep-cutting  streams  will  now  be  raised  to  the  plateaus  by  pump- 
ing plants  and  gravity;  reservoirs  will  be  built  to  hold  the  flood 
waters,  and,  unless  all  predictions  of  expert  fruit  growers  fail,  that 
part  of  Utah  will  in  ten  years  be  covered  with  orchards  and  be 
worth  as  much  per  acre  as  are  the  lands  around  Palisade  and  Grand 
Junction. 

The  Salt  Lake  Tribune,  in  its  annual  summary  for  1909, 
reports  3,000,000  fruit  trees  planted  in  Utah  during  1908,  and 
predicts  5,000,000  for  1910. 

Apples,  pears,  peaches,  apricots,  plums,  cherries,  strawberries, 
raspberries  and  blackberries  are  generally  grown.  In  Washington 
County — Utah's  "Dixie  Land" — where  the  climate  is  semi-tropical 
and  cotton  is  a  product — figs,  almonds  and  pomegranates  are  grown 
— and  a  grape  famous  for  its  flavor  and  the  insidiousness  of  its  wine. 


In    Utah's 

"Dixie    Land." 

A  Vineyard,   near 

St.    George,   with 

the    Mormon 

Temple   in   the 

distance. 


Stock  and   \Vool  Growing,  Dairying, 
Poultry  and  Bees 

THERE  are  no  larger  cattle  herds  in  Utah;  but  the  ever- 
increasing  agricultural  area  enables  small  holders  to  add 
to  their  herds,  and  the  increase  during  the  last  decade  is 
estimated  from  50  to  300  head  per  owner.     Dairy  and 
beef  stock  comprise  most  herds.    The  grades  are  constantly  improv- 
ing and  no  expense  is  counted  too  much  if  it  will  insure  high  beef 
and  milk-making  standards.     The  1909  assessment  shows  215,151 


A  Utah  Industry — the  Wool  Goes  all  Over  the  World. 

cattle,  1,408,248  sheep,  77,606  horses  and  mules,  and  14,087 
swine,  the  aggregate  value  being  $10,983,694.  The  cattle  ship- 
ments for  1909  were  30,000  head,  and  the  sheep  250,000  head. 
Sales  of  sheep  and  mutton  for  1909  aggregated  $8,000,000 — an 
increase  of  nearly  50  per  cent  over  the  sales  of  1908.  Nutritious 
bunch-grass — an  excellent  feed  for  cattle — is  found  on  the  moun- 
tain sides  and  on  the  broad  plateaus,  and  the  semi-desert  portions  of 
southern  and  eastern  Utah  furnish  large  grassy  areas  for  sheep. 


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Many  Utah  farms  have  the  mountains  for  a  background.  There, 
sheltered  by  deep  canons,  the  holdings  of  the  farms  are  grazed. 
Utah's  dairy  product  is  estimated  at  $2,000,000  per  year.  Salt 
Lake  and  Ogden  are  large  consumers  of  milk,  and  creameries  are 
operated  in  many  portions  of  the  state. 

C£  The  poultry  industry  belongs  to  every  farm;  but  the  supply 
does  not  approach  the  demand.  More  than  $400,000  have  been 
sent  out  of  the  state  for  poultry  and  eggs  during  1909.  Utah  has 
an  inviting  field  for  raisers  of  poultry  and  eggs  and  fortunes  are 
waiting  those  who  engage  in  the  business.  The  climatic  conditions 
are  favorable  and  the  rapidly  increasing  demand  will  more  than 
keep  pace  with  the  supply,  even  though  it  be  many  times  dupli- 
cated. Bee  culture  is  a  common  adjunct  of  farming  and  the  assess- 
ment for  1909  shows  12,992  hives,  valued  at  $32,817. 


The    Half    Tunnel 

Cafion    of   the    Grand    River. 


Minerals  ana  Mining 

UTAH  mining  began  in   1870,  and  the  total  output  of  the 
state  from  that  time  to  this  has  been  about  $498,446,- 
724.55.    The  metal  production  for  1909  was  $26,131,- 
0)70.97.      Copper    led    with  75,729,933    pounds,    value 
$9,794,588.92.  The  gold  was  198,194  ounces,  value  $4,096,771.98. 
The  silver,   11,275,847  ounces,  value  $6,031,306.66.     The  lead, 


Daly  West  and  Quincy  Mines,  Park  City,  Utah. 

127,630,024  pounds,  value  $5,420,447.11;  and  the  zinc,  14,498,- 
ooo  pounds,  value  $787,956.30.  The  dividends  for  the  year 
were  $7,932,019. 

From  the  beginning  until  the  discovery  of  the  great  copper  zone 
at  Bingham  in  1899,  when  Utah  became  an  important  red  metal 
producer,  the  holdings  were  confined  to  small  areas  and  the  develop- 
ment of  the  industry  was  carried  on  by  individuals  and  corpora- 
tions. That  was  the  period  of  the  "Emma,"  "Flagstaff,"  "Ontario" 


A          GLIMPSE          OF          U     <T    A    H 

page  thirty-four 

and  other  mines  celebrated  in  Utah  history.     When  copper  was 

discovered  the  era  of  consolidated  mining  began.     Large  aggrega- 
te        o  o         oo      o 

tions  of  eastern  capital  at  once  began  taking  over  the  important 
mines  and  organizing  them  with  new  territory  into  great  groups. 
As  a  result,  the  old  names  were  lost  and  a  new  nomanclature  estab- 
lished with  "Boston  Consolidated,"  "Utah  Copper,"  "Colorado 
Mining,"  "Silver  King  Coalition"  and  "Utah  Consolidated,"  as 
sample  titles.  Under  consolidation,  millions  were  spent  for  mine 
and  mill  equipment  to  reduce  the  cost  of  extraction  and  for  the 
salvation  of  values  in  ores  that  formerly  were  considered  of  too 
low  grade  for  any  use.  The  consolidated  companies  took  over 
practically  the  entire  Bingham  District  and  obtained  a  strong  foot- 
hold in  Park  City  and  Tintic,  where  lead  and  silver  are  the  dom- 
inant metals. 

The  results  of  consolidated  mining  have  been  marvelous.  The 
annual  Utah  copper  output  has  been  raised  in  nine  years  from 
almost  nothing,  to  75,000,000  pounds;  deposits  have  been  discov- 
ered and  opened  which  disclose  values  of  more  than  half  a  billion 
dollars,  and  concentration  mills  and  smelters  have  been  built  that 
represent  an  expenditure  of  more  than  twelve  million  in  the  Salt 
Lake  Valley  alone.  Among  the  mills  constructed  were  those  of 
the  "Utah  Copper"  and  "Boston  Consolidated"  at  Garfield,  which 
have  an  aggregate  daily  capacity  of  13,000  tons. 

So  great  had  become  Utah's  copper  mining  industry  in  1909 
that  organized  capital  began  to  consolidate  the  consolidations,  and 
during  that  year  the  "Utah  Copper"  and  the  "Boston  Consoli- 
dated" properties  were  organized  into  a  trust,  which  immediately 
took  over  the  control  of  the  great  "Nevada  Consolidated  Company" 
at  Ely. 

The  principal  mining  camps  in  Utah  are  Bingham,  Park  City, 
Tintic,  Alta,  Mercur,  Marysvale,  American  Fork,  Ophir,  Newhouse 
and  Frisco.  Bingham  leads  in  copper  production,  with  lead  and 
silver  associated.  Newhouse  is  a  copper  camp,  and  Park  City, 
Alta,  Tintic,  American  Fork,  Ophir  and  Frisco — the  homes  of 
many  celebrated  old  mines — are  silver-lead  sections.  The  gold 


A-        GLIMPSE          OF          U     T    A    H 

page  thirty-five 

camps  are  Marysvale  and  Mercur — the  latter  having  a  cyanide  mill 
of  a  thousand  tons  daily  capacity. 

These  pages  can  give  but  a  glimpse  of  Utah,  and  the  great- 
ness of  her  mining  industry  must  be  measured  by  the  figures  of 
annual  production  and  the  millions  declared  in  annual  dividends. 
To  name  all  the  principal  mines  and  detail  their  equipment  and 
daily  extraction  would  require  more  space  than  will  be  found 
in  this  book. 

In  no  part  of  the  mining  world  is  the  economy  of  extraction 
and  the  percentage  of  value  salvation  better  illustrated  than  in 
Utah.  It  will  be  well  worth  anyone's  while  to  see  this  practically 
illustrated  near  Salt  Lake.  In  Bingham  the  mountains  are  being 
razed  and  the  topography  changed  every  year.  Where  once  would 
have  worked  an  army  of  men  with  picks  and  drills,  now  the  steam 
shovels  are  eating  down  the  mountains,  and  untouched  by  human 
hands  the  ores  are  transferred  from  the  great  deposits  to  the  mills 
and  smelters. 

Figures  are  not  always  impressive  and  a  long  line  of  them  in 
print  may  sometimes  be  helped  with  a  single  illustration.  The 
output  from  the  consolidated  properties  of  the  "Utah  Copper 
Company"  at  Bingham  aggregates  at  a  low  estimate  20,000  tons 
per  day.  Allow  35  feet  for  the  length  of  each  car  and  coupling, 
allow  a  capacity  of  40  tons  per  car,  and  it  will  be  seen  that  a  train 
three  and  one-third  miles  long  is  needed  every  day  to  transport  the 
ores  mined,  from  the  mountain  to  the  mill. 

The  concentration  mills  of  the  consolidated  companies  at  Gar- 
field  are  among  the  largest  in  the  world,  and  they  work  unceasingly. 
The  ores  are  automatically  carried  from  the  cars  to  the  crushers, 
and  thence  by  travelling  belts  through  the  rolls  and  screens  to 
acres  of  shaking  tables  which  separate  the  values  from  the  waste — 
sending  the  metal  in  a  never-ceasing  stream  to  the  cars  which  trans- 
mit it  to  the  smelters — and  the  waste  through  a  long  tunnel  to  the 
valley,  where  it  deposits  over  large  areas  at  the  rate  of  an  acre-foot 
or  two  per  day. 


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U 


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General    View 

Bingham   Canon, 

Utah's    Great 

Copper    Camp. 


page  thirty-six 

To  follow  the  ores  on  their  travel  from  the  time  they  leave 
the  mountain  until  their  copper  contents  have  become  shining 
ingots,  is  an  interesting  and  educating  experience.  But  one  does 
not  grasp  the  greatness  of  the  enterprise  until  he  is  told  that  the 
daily  waste  from  the  mills  has  built  up  the  valley  to  the  tops  of 
telegraph  poles  that  less  than  a  year  ago  were  thirty  feet  above  the 
earth. 


C£  The  coking  and  bituminous  ccal  measures  of  Utah  are  very 
large  and  cover  a  tremendous  area.  In  1909  the  output  was  two 
million  tons,  and  the  number  of  employes  approximately  3,000. 
The  promise  for  1910  is  that  these  figures  will  be  materially 
increased  by  better  transportation  facilities  and  the  opening  of 
many  new  properties. 

Utah  mining  is  not  wholly  confined  to  the  extraction  of  coals 
and  metals.  In  the  northeast  portion  are  great  deposits  of  asphal- 
tum  and  the  unusual  forms  of  the  hydro-carbons  known  as  ozocer- 
ite, elaterite  and  gilsonite.  Much  energy  and  capital  is  engaged 
in  the  extraction  of  these  products,  and  the  time  is  coming  when 


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page  thirty-seven 

the  whole  nation  may  look  to  Utah  for  paving  and  varnish  mate- 
rials without  any  fear  of  the  failure  of  the  supply. 
(J  Salt  is  mined  in  many  portions  of  the  state,  and  on  the  Ameri- 
can Desert,  which  borders  the  south  shore  of  the  Great  Salt  Lake, 
the  winds  and  the  waves  have  formed  a  solid  salt  sea.  This 
remarkable  deposit  is  crossed  by  the  Western  Pacific  Railway  and 
its  estimated  contents  are  three  hundred  and  eighty  million  car- 
loads. There  are  inexhaustible  sulphur  mines  in  Utah  and  great 
deposits  of  gypsum,  and  down  in  Washington  County,  at  Leeds, 
is  a  petrified  forest  from  which  for  more  than  forty  years  the 
crystalized  trees  of  a  prehistoric  age  have  been  mined  and  milled 
for  the  chlorides  of  silver. 

To  sum  it  all  up,  it  has  already  been  demonstrated  by  explo- 
ration that  in  underground  Utah  are  deposits  of  wealth  against 
which  her  children  for  generations  to  come  may  draw  without  fear 
of  their  exhaustion,  and,  with  this  as  a  foundation  for  her  great- 
ness, there  need  be  no  anxiety  about  the  future  prosperity  of  the 
state. 


••BBB 
Utah   Copper   Mine,   at    Bingham,   Utah. 


Smelting  and  Ore  Reduction 

THE  milling  and  smelting  of  ore  has  kept  step  in  Utah 
with  the  march  of  her  mining  development.     From  a  few 
little  plants  of  ten  years  ago,  the  industry  has  grown  until 
mammoth  concerns  costing  many  million  dollars   are  in 
operation,  and  Salt  Lake  has  become  one  of  the  largest,  ore-reduc- 
tion centers  of  the  world.     The  most  notable  smelters  are:     The 
American  plants  at  Garfield  and  Murray,  the  Utah  Consolidated, 
Yampa,  United  States,  the  Independent  at  Ogden,  the  "Knight" 
at  Tintic  and  the  Majestic  in  Beaver  County. 

The  principal  reduction  mills  are :  The  Utah  Copper  and  Boston 
Consolidated  at  Garfield,  the  Newhouse  at  Newhouse,  the  Golden 
Gate,  Sacramento,  and  Boston-Sunshine  at  Mercur,  and  the  Daly- 
West  and  Silver  King  at  Park  City. 

The  model  smelting  town  of  Garfield  at  the  base  of  the 
Oquirrh  Range,  just  west  of  Salt  Lake,  is  a  center  of  activity. 


Concentrator    Plant,     Boston     Consolidated    Mining    Company,    Garfield,    Utah. 


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page  forty 

Here  the  American  Copper  Smelter,  which  cost  $5,000,000,  and 
the  Utah  Copper  and  Boston  Consolidated  concentration  mills, 
which  cost  about  $6,000,000,  are  located,  and  here  may  be  seen 
any  day  an  exhibition  of  modern  ore  treatment  upon  a  scale  as 
colossal  as  any  in  the  world.  Ores  for  these  plants  come  largely 
from  Bingham  over  a  branch  of  the  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  and  for 
the  smelter  from  all  over  the  mining  West. 

Beyond  Garfield  seven  miles   from  Tooele   City,    the   Inter- 
national Smelting  and  Refining  Company,   recently  organized  in 


Copper    Smelting    Plant,    American    Smelter    Securities   Company,    Garfield,   Utah. 

New  York,  is  building  a  plant  which,  according  to  a  statement  re- 
cently made  by  a  representative  of  the  company,  is  to  be  "the  most 
modern  and  best  smelting  plant  ever  installed  anywhere."  The  cost 
of  the  plant,  which  includes  a  railroad  seven  miles  long,  will  run 
into  the  millions  of  dollars.  This  plant  will  be  a  competitor  to  the 
American  and  will  give  mining  operators  the  benefit  of  reduced 
smelting  charges. 


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UTAH 


page  forty-one 

Utah  treats  practically  all  of  her  own  ores  and  draws  a  vast  ton- 
nage from  her  neighboring  states,  especially  from  Nevada,  where 
discoveries  follow  fast  upon  each  other  and  values  of  amazing  rich- 
ness are  constantly  being  disclosed. 

As  the  years  go  on  and  capital  and  invention  combine  to  pro- 
duce bullion  by  more  simple  and  economical  methods,  the  mining 
of  low-grade  ores  is  facilitated,  and  rock  that  once  was  cast  aside 
for  its  poverty  has  now  become  the  very  corner-stone  of  Utah's 
mining  industry. 


Ore    Concentrator    Plant, 


"ompany,    Garfield,    Utah. 


Castle  Gate. 


The    City   of    Prove. 


Iron,  Coal  and  Other  Hydro-Carbons 

NOT  to  be  passed  without  mention,  are  the  phenomenal  iron 
mines  in  southern  Utah.     The  pen  hesitates  to  give  an  es- 
timate of  the  vastness  of  these  deposits,  or  to  forecast  their 
future  influence  upon  the  welfare    of  the    state.     The 
veins  cover  many  miles  of  area  and  outcrop  in  places  to  a  great 
height.    Mr.  John  T.  Jones,  an  eminent  metallurgist  in  the  employ 
of  a  Pennsylvania  syndicate,  visited  these  deposits  some  years  ago, 


and  after  an  exhaustive  study  of  them  and  the  conditions  for  com- 
mercial iron  and  steel  making,  fixed  the  amount  of  available  ore 
at  four  hundred  million  tons.  The  ores  are  magnetic  and  hemitite, 
and  are  almost  entirely  free  from  refractory  elements.  They 
occur  in  a  belt  fifteen  to  twenty  miles  long  and  three  to  four 
miles  wide.  The  percentage  of  iron  is  about  61. 

Among  the  largest  and  most  valuable  holdings  of  this  iron  are 
those  of  the  Colorado  Fuel  and  Iron  Company.     Other  large  inter- 


The   Town    of 
Castle    Gate. 


Coal   Mines  and 
Coke     Ovens. 


A          GLIMPSE          OF          U     T     A     H 

page  forty-four 

ests  have  about  three  thousand  acres  of  high-grade  ore,  and  have 
expended  over  $100,000  in  obtaining  land  patents.  A  movement 
toward  the  establishment  of  a  plant  to  convert  the  ore  into  pig 
can  not  long  be  deferred.  The  interesting  statement  is  made  that 
an  adequate  plant  can  produce  pig  at  a  cost  of  $5.50  per  ton,  as 
against  $6.50,  the  cost  in  the  South,  and  $7.50,  the  cost  at 
Pittsburg. 

Q  Utah  has  a  certainty  of  fuel  for  centuries  to  come.  The  coal 
measures  enter  the  state  south  of  Evanston,  Wyo.,  form  a  large 
basin  near  Coalville,  then  strike  east  along  the  north  side  of  the 
Uintah  Mountains  and  continue  to  and  around  their  east  end, 
whence  they  turn  westward  and  run  to  the  head  of  Spanish  Fork 
Canon,  where  they  form  the  Coal  Range — the  water-shed  be- 
tween the  Colorado  and  the  Great  Basin;  thence  they  run  in  a 
southerly  direction  for  many  miles,  and  then  bend  westward,  pass- 
ing by  Cedar  City  and  the  iron  deposits,  and  so  continue  until  they 
leave  the  state  above  St.  George.  These  are  the  coal  metes  and 
bounds  given  by  Prof.  M.  E.  Jones,  a  geologist  who  for  twenty- 
five  years  has  been  a  student  of  Utah's  resources.  About  twenty 
thousand  square  miles  are  included  in  the  limits  given.  There  is 
no  anthracite,  but  almost  all  forms  of  bituminous  coal  for  steam, 
coke,  gas-making  and  domestic  use  are  found  in  abundance.  The 
absence  of  coal  (except  a  few  veins  of  poor  lignite)  west  of  Utah 
insures  a  steady  market  for  Utah  coal  on  the  Pacific  Slope. 
GL,  In  the  chapter  on  "Minerals  and  Mining"  the  production 
statistics  for  1909  are  given  and  mention  is  there  made  of  the 
other  hydro-carbons — ozocerite,  elaterite,  gilsonite  and  the  various 
forms  of  asphaltum  which  cover  an  area  of  more  than  one  thou- 
sand square  miles  in  northeastern  Utah. 


Manufacturing 


THERE  are  all  kinds  of  manufacturing  plants  in  Utah. 
In  the  utilization  of  native  raw  materials,  Utah's  people 
have  long  been  proficient.  They  were  driven  by  necessity 
in  early  days  to  convert  these  materials  into  usable  form, 
and  were  taught  by  their  leaders  to  become  independent  of  the 
outside  world,  as  far  as  possible,  by  supplying  their  needs  in  home 
manufactories.  The  result  was  the  establishment  of  small  plants 
for  silk  manufacture,  tanning,  weaving,  cloth  and  soap-making, 
and  for  many  other  purposes,  in  the  first  years  of  settlement. 
Before  the  close  of  the  "fifties"  sugar-making  machinery  was  pur- 
chased in  Europe,  shipped  by  way  of  New  Orleans  and  the  Mis- 
sissippi and  Missouri  Rivers  to  Independence,  and  from  there 
freighted  overland  to  Salt  Lake.  This  plant  was  only  measurably 
successful,  but  the  attempt  at  sugar-making  then  was  the  beginning 
of  effort  which  laid  the  foundations  for  the  great  sugar  plants  in 
Utah  that  now  turn  out  annually  millions  of  pounds  of  refined 
product.  These  modern  sugar  plants  are  among  the  largest  in  the 
United  States,  and  are  operated  with  a  degree  of  economy  and 
efficiency  which  has  made  it  possible  for  the  product  to  meet  and 
defeat  in  the  markets  outside  sugar  sent  in  to  drive  it  out  of  local 
use.  Not  only  do  the  sugar  plants  of  Utah  declare  regular  and 
liberal  dividends,  but  directly  and  indirectly  they  employ  an  army 
of  labor  and  maintain  large  communities  engaged  in  the  cultiva- 
tion of  the  sugar  beet.  Utah's  soil  is  peculiarly  adapted  to  grow- 
ing beets  of  high  saccharine  value.  There  are  said  to  be  nowhere 
else  in  the  United  States  such  expert  beet  growers  as  the  farmers 
of  Utah.  They  have  the  knack  of  wringing  the  highest  returns 
from  the  land.  As  fast  as  increased  acreage  justifies,  new  factories 
spring  up,  and  there  seems  to  be  nothing  to  stop  the  growth  of  the 
Utah  sugar  industry,  except  the  limits  of  available  land  and  of 
market  demand. 

The  Utah  sugar  factories  are  located  in  Ogden,  Logan,  Lehi 
and  Garland.  These  factories  have  a  beet  capacity  of  2,625  tons 
per  day  of  twenty-four  hours.  During  1909  they  turned  out 


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page  forty-six 

99,500,000  pounds  of  sugar,  employing  1,105  men,  to  whom  was 
paid  in  wages  $755,000.  The  number  of  beet-raising  farmers  dur- 
ing that  year,  in  Utah,  was  5,184;  tons  of  beets  harvested,  439,000, 
and  amount  received  by  farmers  for  the  beets,  $2,133,000. 

Salt  Lake,  Provo,  Ogden,  Garland  and  Logan  are  manufactur- 
ing centers.  The  principal  institutions  are:  shoe  factories,  soap 
works,  woolen  and  silk  mills,  knitting  factories,  tanneries,  canneries, 
structural  iron  works  and  many  small  plants  which  turn  all  sorts  of 
raw  materials  into  commercial  form. 

Smelting,  ore-milling  and  bullion  refining — which  are  really 
manufacturing  institutions — have  been  sufficiently  discussed  in  a 
preceding  chapter. 

C£  When  it  is  remembered  that  in  its  efforts  to  increase  its  mem- 
bership the  Mormon  Church  has  invaded  the  great  manufacturing 
centers  of  Continental  Europe,  it  will  be  understood  why  Utah 
has  so  many  skilled  artisans,  and  why  the  manufacturing  spirit  is 
present  so  generally  in  the  state.  It  is  an  interesting  fact  that 
whatever  article  one  desires  to  have  made,  he  is  quite  likely  to  find 


Ogden     Beet     Sugar     Factory. 


Lehi    Beet    Sugar     Factory. 


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page   forty-seven 

some  one  in  Utah  who  knows  just  how  to  make  it.  A  gentleman 
recently  exhibited  a  handsome  Smyrna  rug  which  was  woven  in 
Salt  Lake,  and  there  are  no  end  of  little  establishments  tucked  in 
out  of  the  way  places  in  Salt  Lake,  where  novel  manufactures  can 


Telluride    Power    House,    Provo    Canon,    Utah. 

be  found.  But  there  is  room  for  more  factories  and  more  will 
come  as  the  population  of  the  inter-mountain  country  increases 
and  Utah's  wonderful  diversity  of  raw  materials  becomes  better 
known. 

Q  From  a  small  beginning  made  several  years  ago,  on  the  Cotton- 
wood  river,  near  Salt  Lake,  the  production  of  electrical  energy  by 
water  power  has  grown  to  enormous  proportions. 

Almost  every  mountain  stream  of  sufficient  volume  has 
been  harnessed,  and  there  are  powerful  plants  at  Provo,  Ogden, 
Salt  Lake  and  Logan.  The  horse-power  generated  and  applied 
to  manufacturing,  lighting,  heating,  the  operation  of  elevators,  the 
various  uses  of  mining  and  milling,  the  propulsion  of  cars,  and  to 
various  other  purposes,  runs  into  many  thousand.  Lines  of  trans- 


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page  forty-eight 

mission  many  hundred  miles  long  are  convenient  to  the  valley  set- 
tlements, and  climb  the  mountains  to  every  principal  mining  camp 
and  mine.  The  cheap  power  thus  furnished  has  driven  steam  into 
the  background,  and  made  possible  the  operation  of  plants  and 
mines  which  could  not  be  profitably  carried  on  by  the  use  of  coal- 
made  steam. 

Q  The  salt  industry  is  of  growing  importance.  The  principal 
commercial  supply  now  comes  from  the  Great  Salt  Lake;  but  the 
Western  Pacific  Railroad  crosses  a  solid  salt  sea  on  the  south 
shore  of  the  lake,  having  an  area  of  360  square  miles  and  from 
this,  salt  for  all  the  world  can  be  shoveled  into  cars. 


Salt    Manufacture, 
Great    Salt    Lake. 


In  the  manufacture  of  salt,  water  from  the  Great  Salt  Lake  is  conducted  into  shallow 
ponds,  where  the  process  of  evaporation  continues  during  the  hot  summer  months.  At  the 
end  of  the  season,  when  the  water  is  entirely  evaporated,  the  salt  is  scraped  up  in  great 
heaps  as  shown  in  the  view. 


The  Uintah  Reservation 

UNTIL  August,  1905,  a  very  considerable  portion  of  Utah— 
—the  Uintah  Indian   Reservation — occupying  practically 
the  entire  northeastern  portion  of  the  state — was  prohib- 
ited ground.     The  rich  areas  of  grazing  and  farming  land, 
the  metal-bearing  ledges  and  the  vast  deposits  of  various  forms  of 
hydro-carbon  contained   in   the   reservation,  have   for  years  occa- 
sioned persistent  appeals  to  Congress  for  the  adjustment  of  the  In- 
dian rights  and  the  throwing  open  of  this  valuable  area  to  settle- 
ment. 

The  much  desired  end  has  at  last  been  reached  and  the  steady 
inflow  of  settlers,  prospectors  and  miners  has  already  begun. 
Cf  Vernal,  the  county  seat  of  Uintah  County,  is  the  principal 
town  and  the  location  of  the  U.  S.  Land  office,  having  jurisdiction 
of  the  reservation  lands.  Vernal  is  in  the  beautiful  Ashley  Val- 
ley, and  is  surrounded  with  fine  farms  and  orchards.  Its  streets 
are  paved  and  it  has  gas,  banks,  churches,  fine  schools  and  a  num- 
ber of  important  business  institutions.  Other  towns  springing  in- 
to vigor,  are  Myton,  Moffat,  Leland,  Theodore,  Stockmore  and 
Roosevelt. 

C£  Prospecting  for  minerals  has  only  just  begun,  and  the  metal 
contents  of  the  reservation  are  yet  only  to  be  guessed  at.  Pros- 
pectors will  head  for  the  North  Fork  country,  where  the  best  float 
and  the  strongest  mineral  indications  have  been  found.  A  large 
number  of  copper-bearing  properties  have  been  located,  and  much 
is  said  in  a  whisper  of  a  gold  mine  of  fabulous  richness  found  many 
years  ago,  and  hidden  to  await  the  time  when  title  to  it  could  be 
lawfully  obtained. 

Probably  there  are  not  elsewhere  in  the  world  such  remarkable 
deposits  of  ozocerite,  elaterite  and  gilsonite,  and  such  springs  and 
veins  of  asphalt  as  the  reservation  contains.  Of  these  hydro-car- 
bons, there  is  enough  to  supply  mankind  for  generations.  The 
hydro-carbon  area  covers  at  least  one  thousand  square  miles,  and 
the  values  it  contains  are  incalculable.  Two  of  these  substances, 
gilsonite  and  elaterite,  are  distinctively  Utah  curios,  and  another — 


A          GLIMPSE          OF          UTAH 

page  fifty 

ozocerite — is  said  to  be  found  in  but  one  other  place  in  the  world. 
C£  By  treaty  terms,  the  Uintah  Indians,  who  by  the  way  although 
living,  are  "good  Indians,"  have  been  allotted  three  hundred  thou- 
sand acres  of  fine  farming  land  which  they  are  rapidly  learning  to 
till.  The  unallotted  land,  comprising  approximately  two  million 
acres,  is  being  steadily  taken  up  under  the  general  land  laws.  A 
large  portion  of  this  land  is  suitable  for  farming,  and  much  of  the 
remainder  is  of  fine  grazing  character. 

All  told,  the  population  of  the  reservation  is  about  8,000,  and 
the  estimate  is  that  there  is  room  for  100,000. 

The  addition  of  this  rich  region  to  Utah  is  an  important  step 
in  her  progress  and  will  rapidly  increase  her  population  and  wealth. 
(1,  The  scenery  of  the  region  is  most  interesting  and  will  well 
repay  a  visit.  To  see  the  best  of  it,  and  to  see  it  most  comfortably, 
one  should  take  the  Uintah  Railroad,  which  connects  with  the 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande  at  Mack,  Colo.,  twenty  miles  west  of  Grand 
Junction,  and  extends  northward  fifty-four  miles  to  Dragon, 
whence  automobile  and  stage  connections  may  be  made  for  Vernal. 
Duchesne  and  other  points. 

This  little  railroad  is  a  big  thing  in  its  way.  It  winds  about 
through  miniature  Canons  of  the  Colorado,  crosses  the  picturesque 
Book  Cliffs — the  like  of  which  for  singularity  or  form  there  is  not 
— climbs  grades  at  times  as  great  as  seven  and  one-half  per  cent. ; 
passes  by  topographical  features  bearing  such  suggestive  names  as 
"Thimble  Rock,"  "Hell's  Hole,"  "Excavation  Canon,"  "Coyote 
Basin,"  "Dead  Man's  Bench,"  and  gives  the  traveler  such  a  whirl 
of  ragged  ruggedness,  natural  amphitheaters,  obelisks,  temples  and 
pinnacles,  as  he  could  not  experience  along  any  other  fifty-four 
miles  of  railroad  on  earth. 

Baldwin  locomotives,  coaches,  observation  cars,  and  gaso- 
line track  autos  afford  the  traveler  a  choice  of  accommodations. 
The  train  service  is  regular,  charges  are  moderate,  and  every  em- 
ployee is  a  gentleman.  What  more  than  this  can  anyone  wish? 

The  time  is  coming  when  the  trip  from  Mack  to  and  through 
the  reservation  will  be  an  experience  sought  and  enjoyed  by  a 
host  of  trans-continental  tourists. 


New   Railroads 

UTAH  looks  hopefully  to  the  future  for  more  railroads  and 
is  building  much  upon  their  coming. 
The  San  Pedro,  Los  Angeles  &  Salt  Lake  (the  "Clark 
Road")    was  opened   for  through  traffic   in   May,    1905, 
and  thereupon  Salt  Lake  and  Los  Angeles — to  their  great  delight — 
began  shaking  hands  and  exchanging  business.     This  road  is  the 
realization  of  a  Salt  Lake  dream  that  began  a  quarter  of  a  century 
ago.     It  gives  Utah  a  new  highway  to  the  sea,  puts  Salt  Lake  and 
Los  Angeles  but  twenty-six  hours  apart,   and  brings  to  the  Salt 
Lake  smelters  the  ore  treasures  of  the  "New  Nevada,"  a  region 
which  promises  again,  as  in  the  days  of  the  "Comstock,"  to  astonish 
the  mining  world. 

C£  The  extraordinary  copper  development  at  Bingham  and  the 
mammoth  plants  at  Garfield  for  the  treatment  of  Bingham  ores 
have  put  a  new  railroad  across  the  Salt  Lake  Valley — a  branch  of 
the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande.  This  line  transports  the  mine  product 
to  the  smelters  and  carries  out  to  the  commercial  world  the  bullion 
output.  But  the  road  now  most  in  the  Utah  eye  is  the  Western 
Pacific — the  new  line  just  completed  from  Salt  Lake  to  San  Fran- 
cisco, over  which  the  cars  of  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  now  reach 


Solid    Salt    Sea   at    Salduro,    on   the    New   Western    Pacific    Railway. 


A 


GLIMPSE 


O     F 


U    <f    J    H 


page  fifty-two 

the  Golden  Gate.  The  completion  of  this  road  was  of  over- 
shadowing importance  to  Utah.  It  cost  about  $70,000,000  and 
illustrates  the  highest  excellence  of  the  railroad  building  art.  The 
main  line  passes  over  the  Great  Salt  Lake,  crosses  the  deserts  and 
the  solid  salt  sea  beyond,  and,  heedless  of  the  Sierras,  reaches  San 
Francisco  with  a  maximum  grade  of  only  one  per  cent  over  a 
ballasted  speed-road  of  heavy  steel.  It  will  be  the  first  western 
railway  to  furnish  all-steel  indestructible  cars  for  passenger  travel 
and  will  bring  into  view  new  scenic  wonders.  Among  these  is  the 
canon  of  the  Feather  River — the  California  duplication  of  the 
Grand  Canon  of  the  Arkansas,  but  longer  than  that  by  fifty 
miles.  It  will  show  for  an  hour  the  marvelous  sea  of  solid  salt  in 
Utah,  over  which  the  dancing  images  of  the  mirage  are  the  most 
wonderful  in  the  world.  It  will  have  a  tremendous  part  in  the 
making  of  the  new  Nevada  and  give  to  mining  districts,  long  iso- 
lated, transportation  for  their  rich  ores  to  Utah  smelting  plants. 
There  were  many  obstacles,  financial  and  physical,  to  overcome  in 
the  building  of  this  road;  but  what  are  they  when  twentieth  cen- 
tury Napoleons  declare:  "There  will  be  no  Alps!"  The  advan- 
tage of  this  road  to  Utah  and  the  whole  inter-mountain  region  is 
incalculable. 

Q  Much  could  be  said  of  the  railroads  that  long  ago  entered 
Utah,  and  have  had  their  part  in  its  upbuilding,  but  the  reader, 

if  he  has  not  al- 
ready done  so,  will 
some  day  ride  over 
the  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande  and  see 
what  a  great 
achievement  it  is 
and  what  wonders 
are  to  be  seen 
along  its  way. 


A     Street     Scene     in     Prove,     Utah. 


Hunting  and  Fishing 


THE  man  with  a  rod  and  gun  can  find  enjoyment  in  Utah. 
There  is  rare  sport  to  be  found  in  duck,  grouse  and  snipe 
shooting  and  in  whipping  the  streams  that  flow  down  the 
Wasatch  for  speckled  and  salmon  trout.    In  the  open  sea- 
son both  sports  may  be  enjoyed  to  the  limit.     Ducks  darken  the 
air  in  the  fall,  and  in  the  summer  one  can  lie  on  the  banks  of 


Utah   Lake 

and  the  Oqnirrh 

Range   beyond. 


mountain  streams  and  gaze  into  the  deeps  upon  trout  that  swim 
lazily  along  looking  for  a  "coachman"  or  a  "hackle"  to  seize  upon. 
Upon  the  benches  along  the  sides  of  the  mountains  and  in  the 
canons,  grouse  and  California  quail  are  plentiful,  and  higher  up 
sometimes  one  can  get  a  shot  at  a  deer  or  a  bear. 

Duck  shooting  may  be  had  in  almost  every  part  of  the  state, 
but  the  greatest  sport  will  be  found  in  the  Salt  Lake  and  Utah 
Valleys  and  at  the  mouth  of  Bear  River.  These  hunting  grounds 
are  among  the  best  in  the  United  States  and  are  much  resorted  to 
in  the  open  season.  The  laws  for  the  protection  of  all  winged 


GLIMPSE 


0     F 


UTAH 


page  fifty-four 

game  are  strict  and  are  rigidly  enforced.  A  small  license  fee  is 
charged  against  hunters  from  without  the  state.  Teal,  mallard, 
red-heads  and  canvas-backs  are  generally  plentiful.  Wild  geese 
in  northern  Utah  and  snipe  in  the  Salt  Lake  valley,  are  frequently 
found.  Twenty-five  ducks  constitute  a  legal  bag.  The  shooting 
season  for  duck  opens  October  ist. 

Cf  Bass  fishing  in  Utah  Lake  is  rare  sport.  The  lake  was  stocked 
with  this  gamey  fish  many  years  ago,  and  two  or  three  pound  spec- 
imens are  frequently  caught.  The  lake  is  most  easily  reached  from 
Provo,  being  only  two  or  three  miles  distant  from  that  place. 

For  trout  the  Weber,  Bear,  Provo  and  Big  and  Little  Cotton- 
wood  rivers  are  famous,  and  at  certain  seasons  of  the  year  good 
catches  may  be  made  in  Parley's,  Lost  and  East  Canon  creeks. 
The  laws  are  favorable  to  the  fish  and  are  strictly  enforced.  The 
open  season  begins  June  15th  and  continues  to  the  close  of  the 
year.  Speckled,  salmon  and  rainbow  trout  are  the  usual  run. 

To  reach  the  fishing  and  hunting  grounds,  go  to  Provo,  Ogden 
or  Salt  Lake  City,  where  supplies  and  directions  can  be  obtained. 


Trout   Fishing  in    Provo    River. 


Wasatch    Range, 

from 

Salt  Lake  City. 


Utah  s  ^iVonderiul  Climate 

ONE  can  feel  it  from  his  toes  to  his  finger  tips,  and  can  see  it 
in  the  rich  green  of  the  foliage,  in  the  crystalline  air  and 
the  gleam  of  the  sunshine;  but  no  one  can  write  it  down 
for  others  to  feel  and  see. 

There  is  no  other  climate  like  it.  It  is  not  warm — not  cold, 
not  damp — not  dry — just  a  happy  medium  between  the  ex- 
tremes, with  a  breath  of  salt  sea  air  thrown  in.  Altitudes  that 
vary  to  suit  all  human  wants,  and  to  foil  the  diseases  that  shorten 
life  elsewhere;  enough  rain  to  help  the  farmer;  enough  snow  to 
store  up  water  for  irrigation;  enough  cold  to  now  and  then  spread 
out  sheets  of  ice  for  skating  boys  and  girls ;  enough  heat  to  make  a 
dip  in  the  Great  Salt  Lake  at  Saltair  one  of  the  joys  of  living — 
these  are  salient  features  of  Utah's  climate.  Go  and  enjoy  it — the 
world  doth  not  contain  its  equal. 

The  Utah  climate,  while  not  so  easily  measured  against  money 
returns  as  bullion  and  the  products  of  orchard,  range  and  farm,  is 
a  valuable  and  enduring  asset  of  the  state.  Not  only  has  it  drawn 
to  the  state  men  and  women  of  brains  and  wealth,  but  it  has  made 
of  Salt  Lake  City  and  Ogden  resting  places  for  the  weary  and  worn 
in  the  struggle  of  life.  One  of  its  peculiarities  is  that  it  furnishes 
sea-air  with  altitude.  A  breath  from  the  Great  Salt  Lake  is  as 
soft  and  saline  as  any  ever  drawn  in  at  ocean  side. 

The  best  of  all  climates  is  that  where  moderate  extremes  only 
are  experienced,  and  that  is  Utah's  climate.  The  average  summer 


A 


GLIMPSE 


O     F 


U 


A     H 


page  fifty-six 

temperature  at  Salt  Lake  is  about  72  degrees,  and  the  winter,  32 
degrees.  The  altitudes  vary  from  Logan  to  St.  George,  and  be- 
tween the  two  will  be  found  "a  fit"  for  any  customer.  St.  George 

—but  little  beyond  the  last  southern  rail  of  the  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande — has  an  ideal  winter  climate  that  will  steadily  grow  in 
favor  as  it  becomes  better  known.  The  elevation  is  low,  the  air  is 
dry,  snow  and  rain  are  seldom  seen,  and  flowers  bloom  there  in 
January. 

Q  This  is  the  end  of  the  book.  It  could  have  been  longer,  but  it 
might  have  been  tedious,  and  that  is  one  thing  a  book  must  not  be. 
Perhaps  it  will  do  good  in  carrying  to  the  world  information  about 
Utah  which  oth  I  erwise  might  never  have  gotten  out.  If 
this  proves  to  A  be  true,  it  is  well  the  book  was  written, 
even  though  J&4  it  maY  not  nave  been  well  written. 


Eagle    Gate,    Salt    Lake    City. 


Engraved   and    Printed    by 

The     Carson-Harper     Co. 
Denver. 


